Mutations

18 min

flutter crud app example using graphql introduction on our first flutter graphql guide, we’ve learned how to set up a flutter project using graphql api to connect and query simple data on back4app also, how we can use the back4app graphql playground to run queries/mutations to create/populate the app database in this tutorial, we will add a feature with which we will directly create, update, and delete data from our back4app backend directly from our app using graphql mutations goals at the end of this article we expect that you will be able to create data in our backend using graphql api update data from our backend using graphql api delete existing data from backend using graphql api prerequisites to complete this tutorial, you will need you’ll need to read our previous guide “flutter graphql project” https //www back4app com/docs/flutter/graphql/flutter graphql project with source code download in order to understand our starting point at this guide we’re going to use the previous project if you don’t have it you can download here https //github com/templates back4app/flutter graphql an ide for writing flutter code like android studio or vs code a back4app account that can be created here https //www back4app com/ back4app graphql flutter dependency https //pub dev/packages/graphql flutter note if you want a better understanding of the back4app graphql api take a look at our graphql cook book https //www back4app com/docs/parse graphql/graphql getting started and also check our graphql schema on our api playground 1 setting up gui create a new file \mutation page dart\ here we will create our gui for taking input from the user and perform mutation tasks now paste the following code in \mutation page dart\ 1 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/app ui dart'; 2 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/database utils dart'; 3 import 'package\ flutter/material dart'; 4 5 class mutationpage extends statelesswidget { 6 7 string langname,saveformat,objectid; 8 databaseutils utils; 9 10 @override 11 widget build(buildcontext context) { 12 return appui( 13 onchangedname (text){ 14 langname=text; 15 }, 16 onchangedsaveformat (text){ 17 saveformat=text; 18 }, 19 onchangedobjectid (text){ 20 objectid=text; 21 }, 22 senddatabuttonpressed (){ 23 }, 24 deletedatabuttonpressed (){ 25 }, 26 updatebuttonpressed (){ 27 }, 28 ); 29 } 30 } \appui()\ widget has already been made for you so we have created a class named \mutationpage\ and returnded the \appui\ widget as its widget we have also initialsed callback functions for our text fields such that text in first textfield will be stored in \langname\ , second one in \saveformat\ and \objectid\ from the last now proceed to \main dart\ and add a \floatingactionbutton\ parameter in \scaffold()\ widget of \myhomepage\ class and pass the following code into it 1 floatingactionbutton row( 2 mainaxisalignment mainaxisalignment end, 3 children \[ 4 floatingactionbutton( 5 herotag 'mutation page', 6 child text('m', 7 style textstyle( 8 color colors white, 9 ), 10 ), 11 onpressed (){ 12 navigator pushreplacement(context, materialpageroute( 13 builder ((context){ 14 return mutationpage(); 15 }) 16 )); 17 }, 18 ), 19 ], 20 ), this will create a floating button that will navigate us to the \mutationpage()\ from our home page so now our gui is set you can now hot restart your app to see the gui this is how your \main dart\ should look like 1 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/mutation page dart'; 2 import 'package\ flutter/material dart'; 3 import 'package\ graphql flutter/graphql flutter dart'; 4 import 'consonents dart'; 5 import 'dart\ ui'; 6 7 void main() { 8 runapp(myapp()); 9 } 10 11 class myapp extends statelesswidget { 12 @override 13 widget build(buildcontext context) { 14 final httplink httplink = httplink( 15 uri 'https //parseapi back4app com/graphql', 16 headers { 17 'x parse application id' kparseapplicationid, 18 'x parse client key' kparseclientkey, 19 'x parse master key' kparsemasterkey, 20 //'x parse rest api key' kparserestapikey, 21 }, //getheaders() 22 ); 23 24 valuenotifier\<graphqlclient> client = valuenotifier( 25 graphqlclient( 26 cache optimisticcache(dataidfromobject typenamedataidfromobject), 27 link httplink, 28 ), 29 ); 30 31 return materialapp( 32 home graphqlprovider( 33 child myhomepage(), 34 client client, 35 ), 36 ); 37 } 38 } 39 40 class myhomepage extends statefulwidget { 41 @override 42 myhomepagestate createstate() => myhomepagestate(); 43 } 44 45 class myhomepagestate extends state\<myhomepage> { 46 string name; 47 string saveformat; 48 string objectid; 49 50 string query = ''' 51 query findlanguages{ 52 languages{ 53 count, 54 edges{ 55 node{ 56 name, 57 saveformat 58 } 59 } 60 } 61 } 62 '''; 63 64 @override 65 widget build(buildcontext context) { 66 return safearea( 67 child scaffold( 68 appbar appbar( 69 title text( 70 'parsing data using graphql', 71 ), 72 ), 73 floatingactionbutton row( 74 mainaxisalignment mainaxisalignment end, 75 children \[ 76 floatingactionbutton( 77 herotag 'mutation page', 78 child text('m', 79 style textstyle( 80 color colors white, 81 ), 82 ), 83 onpressed (){ 84 navigator pushreplacement(context, materialpageroute( 85 builder ((context){ 86 return mutationpage(); 87 }) 88 )); 89 }, 90 ), 91 ], 92 ), 93 body query( 94 options queryoptions( 95 documentnode gql(query), 96 ), 97 builder ( 98 queryresult result, { 99 refetch refetch, 100 fetchmore fetchmore, 101 }) { 102 if (result data == null) { 103 return center( 104 child text( 105 "loading ", 106 style textstyle(fontsize 20 0), 107 )); 108 } else { 109 return listview\ builder( 110 itembuilder (buildcontext context, int index) { 111 return listtile( 112 title text(result data\["languages"]\["edges"]\[index]\["node"] 113 \['name']), 114 trailing text(result data\["languages"]\["edges"]\[index] 115 \["node"]\['saveformat']), 116 117 ); 118 }, 119 itemcount result data\["languages"]\["edges"] length, 120 ); 121 } 122 }, 123 ), 124 ), 125 ); 126 } 127 } 2 creating/adding data to the database if you proceed to \graphql configration dart\ you could see that we have already set our \graphqlclient\ and now we can use it anywhere let’s proceed to and create a file \database utils dart\ and perform an operation for creating data create a class \databaseutils{}\ and create a constructor that would receive the data parameters we would work on, here we will require \langname\ , \saveformat\ , and \objectid\ 1 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/graphql configration dart'; 2 import 'package\ graphql flutter/graphql flutter dart'; 3 4 class databaseutils{ 5 final string langname,saveformat,objectid; 6 databaseutils({this langname="",this saveformat="",this objectid=""}); 7 } create a functiion \adddata()\ which will be an asynchronous function to create data and initialse our \graphqlclient\ by initialsing \graphqlconfigration\ class paste the following code into \senddata()\ function 1 future\<queryresult> senddata() async{ 2 string adddata=''' 3 mutation createobject(\\$input createlanguagefieldsinput){ 4 createlanguage(input {fields \\$input}){ 5 language{ 6 name, 7 saveformat 8 } 9 } 10 } 11 '''; 12 final variable ={ 13 "input" { 14 "name" langname, 15 "saveformat" saveformat, 16 } 17 }; 18 19 graphqlconfiguration configuration = graphqlconfiguration(); 20 graphqlclient client = configuration clienttoquery(); 21 22 } here we have initialized a variable \adddata\ and have passed the query to create data and initialized \variable\ that will pass the query variables we also initialized the \graphqlclient\ that will help us to pass queries we can pass the queries in the manner below 1 queryresult queryresult = await client query( 2 queryoptions(documentnode gql(adddata), variables variable), 3 ); 4 return queryresult; we used our \graphqlclient\ instance to write a query that accepts \queryoptions()\ that helps us to send a query as you have seen from the last tutorial the result is stored in \queryresult\ this is how your \database utils dart\ should look like 1 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/graphql configration dart'; 2 import 'package\ graphql flutter/graphql flutter dart'; 3 4 class databaseutils{ 5 final string langname,saveformat,objectid; 6 databaseutils({this langname="",this saveformat="",this objectid=""}); 7 future\<queryresult> senddata() async{ 8 string adddata=''' 9 mutation createobject(\\$input createlanguagefieldsinput){ 10 createlanguage(input {fields \\$input}){ 11 language{ 12 name, 13 saveformat 14 } 15 } 16 } 17 '''; 18 final variable ={ 19 "input" { 20 "name" langname, 21 "saveformat" saveformat, 22 } 23 }; 24 25 graphqlconfiguration configuration = graphqlconfiguration(); 26 graphqlclient client = configuration clienttoquery(); 27 28 queryresult queryresult = await client query( 29 queryoptions(documentnode gql(adddata), variables variable), 30 ); 31 return queryresult; 32 } 33 } now proceed to your ui class \mutation page dart\ lets code for send data button which can be coded inside the \senddatabuttonpressed \ parameter since we need the langname and saveformat first check if it is not empty and then create an instance of \databaseutils\ and the pass the \langname\ and \saveformat\ parameter 1 if(langname isnotempty && saveformat isnotempty){ 2 utils = databaseutils( 3 langname langname, 4 saveformat saveformat , 5 ); 6 } after this call the \senddata()\ function from the \databaseutils\ instance utils senddata(); now you can hot restart app, fill the two text fields with their respective data and press the send data button now go back to your query page by pressing the floating action button and you could see one more data is added to our table this is how your mutationpage class would look like 1 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/app ui dart'; 2 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/database utils dart'; 3 import 'package\ flutter/material dart'; 4 5 class mutationpage extends statelesswidget { 6 7 string langname,saveformat,objectid; 8 databaseutils utils; 9 10 @override 11 widget build(buildcontext context) { 12 return appui( 13 onchangedname (text){ 14 langname=text; 15 }, 16 onchangedsaveformat (text){ 17 saveformat=text; 18 }, 19 onchangedobjectid (text){ 20 objectid=text; 21 }, 22 senddatabuttonpressed (){ 23 if(langname isnotempty && saveformat isnotempty){ 24 utils = databaseutils( 25 langname langname, 26 saveformat saveformat , 27 ); 28 utils senddata(); 29 } 30 }, 31 deletedatabuttonpressed (){ 32 }, 33 updatebuttonpressed (){ 34 }, 35 ); 36 } 37 } 3 updating data in \databaseutils\ create a \future\ function \updatedata()\ initialise a \string update\ and pass in the update query and query variables in \final variables\ 1 future\<queryresult> updatedata() async{ 2 string update=''' 3 mutation updateobject(\\$id id!,\\$input updatelanguagefieldsinput){ 4 updatelanguage(input {id \\$id, fields \\$input}){ 5 language{ 6 name, 7 id 8 } 9 } 10 } 11 '''; 12 final variable={ 13 "id"\ objectid, 14 "input" { 15 "name" langname 16 } 17 }; 18 } now initialse our \graphqlclient\ and send the query through \queryoptions()\ this is how your code would look like 1 future\<queryresult> updatedata() async{ 2 3 string update=''' 4 mutation updateobject(\\$id id!,\\$input updatelanguagefieldsinput){ 5 updatelanguage(input {id \\$id, fields \\$input}){ 6 language{ 7 name, 8 id 9 } 10 } 11 } 12 '''; 13 14 final variable={ 15 "id"\ objectid, 16 "input" { 17 "name" langname 18 } 19 }; 20 21 graphqlconfiguration configuration = graphqlconfiguration(); 22 graphqlclient client = configuration clienttoquery(); 23 24 queryresult queryresult = await client query( 25 queryoptions(documentnode gql(update), variables variable), 26 ); 27 return queryresult; 28 } now come back to \mutaion page dart\ and code in the \updatebuttonpressed \ parameter check if \langname\ , \objectid\ and \saveformat\ are not empty and then call the \updatedata() \ funtion from \databaseutils\ class 1 updatebuttonpressed (){ 2 if(langname isnotempty && saveformat isnotempty && objectid isnotempty){ 3 utils = databaseutils( 4 langname langname, 5 saveformat saveformat , 6 objectid objectid 7 ); 8 utils updatedata(); 9 } 10 }, go to back4app dashboard and choose a language to update, then copy its objectid hot restart your app and fill all the 3 text fields the new name of the language you want to insert in first text field and the new save format in second and objectid in third now press the update data button and check the updated information on the app by clicking over the q floating action button on bottom right 4 deleting data create a \deletedata()\ async function in \databaseutils\ and initialize \string delete\ and pass the graphql query to delete data take \final variables\ and pass the query variables into it 1 future\<queryresult> deletedata() async{ 2 string delete=''' 3 mutation deleteobject(\\$id id!){ 4 deletelanguage(input {id \\$id}){ 5 language{ 6 name, 7 id 8 } 9 } 10 } 11 '''; 12 final variable={ 13 "id"\ objectid, 14 }; 15 } in this, we only require the \objectid\ of the row that needs to be deleted initialize the \graphqlclient\ and send the query through \queryoptions()\ 1 future\<queryresult> deletedata() async{ 2 string delete=''' 3 mutation deleteobject(\\$id id!){ 4 deletelanguage(input {id \\$id}){ 5 language{ 6 name, 7 id 8 } 9 } 10 } 11 '''; 12 final variable={ 13 "id"\ objectid, 14 }; 15 16 graphqlconfiguration configuration = graphqlconfiguration(); 17 graphqlclient client = configuration clienttoquery(); 18 19 queryresult queryresult = await client query( 20 queryoptions(documentnode gql(delete), variables variable), 21 ); 22 23 return queryresult; 24 } in \mutationpage\ in the \deletedatabuttonpressed\ parameter check if \objectid\ is not empty or null and call the \deletedata()\ function hot restart application, enter the objectid of the row to be deleted and press the delete data button it should delete a specific row from your \language\ class success your app has finally done your mutation operations !!! \main dart\ should look like this 1 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/mutation page dart'; 2 import 'package\ flutter/material dart'; 3 import 'package\ graphql flutter/graphql flutter dart'; 4 import 'consonents dart'; 5 import 'dart\ ui'; 6 7 void main() { 8 runapp(myapp()); 9 } 10 11 class myapp extends statelesswidget { 12 @override 13 widget build(buildcontext context) { 14 final httplink httplink = httplink( 15 uri 'https //parseapi back4app com/graphql', 16 headers { 17 'x parse application id' kparseapplicationid, 18 'x parse client key' kparseclientkey, 19 'x parse master key' kparsemasterkey, 20 //'x parse rest api key' kparserestapikey, 21 }, //getheaders() 22 ); 23 24 valuenotifier\<graphqlclient> client = valuenotifier( 25 graphqlclient( 26 cache optimisticcache(dataidfromobject typenamedataidfromobject), 27 link httplink, 28 ), 29 ); 30 31 return materialapp( 32 home graphqlprovider( 33 child myhomepage(), 34 client client, 35 ), 36 ); 37 } 38 } 39 40 class myhomepage extends statefulwidget { 41 @override 42 myhomepagestate createstate() => myhomepagestate(); 43 } 44 45 class myhomepagestate extends state\<myhomepage> { 46 string name; 47 string saveformat; 48 string objectid; 49 50 string query = ''' 51 query findlanguages{ 52 languages{ 53 count, 54 edges{ 55 node{ 56 name, 57 saveformat 58 } 59 } 60 } 61 } 62 '''; 63 64 @override 65 widget build(buildcontext context) { 66 return safearea( 67 child scaffold( 68 appbar appbar( 69 title text( 70 'parsing data using graphql', 71 ), 72 ), 73 floatingactionbutton row( 74 mainaxisalignment mainaxisalignment end, 75 children \[ 76 floatingactionbutton( 77 herotag 'mutation page', 78 child text('m', 79 style textstyle( 80 color colors white, 81 ), 82 ), 83 onpressed (){ 84 navigator pushreplacement(context, materialpageroute( 85 builder ((context){ 86 return mutationpage(); 87 }) 88 )); 89 }, 90 ), 91 ], 92 ), 93 body query( 94 options queryoptions( 95 documentnode gql(query), 96 ), 97 builder ( 98 queryresult result, { 99 refetch refetch, 100 fetchmore fetchmore, 101 }) { 102 if (result data == null) { 103 return center( 104 child text( 105 "loading ", 106 style textstyle(fontsize 20 0), 107 )); 108 } else { 109 return listview\ builder( 110 itembuilder (buildcontext context, int index) { 111 return listtile( 112 title text(result data\["languages"]\["edges"]\[index]\["node"] 113 \['name']), 114 trailing text(result data\["languages"]\["edges"]\[index] 115 \["node"]\['saveformat']), 116 117 ); 118 }, 119 itemcount result data\["languages"]\["edges"] length, 120 ); 121 } 122 }, 123 ), 124 ), 125 ); 126 } 127 } \database utils dart\ should like this 1 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/graphql configration dart'; 2 import 'package\ graphql flutter/graphql flutter dart'; 3 4 class databaseutils{ 5 6 final string langname,saveformat,objectid; 7 8 databaseutils({this langname="",this saveformat="",this objectid=""}); 9 10 string delete=''' 11 mutation delete languages(\\$id id!){ 12 deletelanguage(input {id \\$id}){ 13 language{ 14 name, 15 id 16 } 17 } 18 } 19 '''; 20 21 string adddata=''' 22 mutation create languages(\\$input createlanguagefieldsinput){ 23 createlanguage(input {fields \\$input}){ 24 language{ 25 name, 26 saveformat 27 } 28 } 29 } 30 '''; 31 string update=''' 32 mutation update languages(\\$id id!,\\$input updatelanguagefieldsinput){ 33 updatelanguage(input {id \\$id, fields \\$input}){ 34 language{ 35 name, 36 id 37 } 38 } 39 } 40 '''; 41 42 future\<queryresult> senddata() async{ 43 44 final variable ={ 45 "input" { 46 "name" langname, 47 "saveformat" saveformat, 48 } 49 }; 50 print('sendingdata'); 51 52 graphqlconfiguration configuration = graphqlconfiguration(); 53 graphqlclient client = configuration clienttoquery(); 54 55 queryresult queryresult = await client query( 56 queryoptions(documentnode gql(adddata), variables variable), 57 ); 58 return queryresult; 59 60 } 61 future\<queryresult> updatedata() async{ 62 final variable={ 63 "id"\ objectid, 64 "input" { 65 "name" langname 66 } 67 }; 68 69 graphqlconfiguration configuration = graphqlconfiguration(); 70 graphqlclient client = configuration clienttoquery(); 71 72 queryresult queryresult = await client query( 73 queryoptions(documentnode gql(update), variables variable), 74 ); 75 return queryresult; 76 } 77 78 79 future\<queryresult> deletedata() async{ 80 final variable={ 81 "id"\ objectid, 82 }; 83 84 graphqlconfiguration configuration = graphqlconfiguration(); 85 graphqlclient client = configuration clienttoquery(); 86 87 queryresult queryresult = await client query( 88 queryoptions(documentnode gql(delete), variables variable), 89 ); 90 91 return queryresult; 92 } 93 } \mutaion page dart\ should look like this 1 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/app ui dart'; 2 import 'package\ back4appgraphqldemo/database utils dart'; 3 import 'package\ flutter/material dart'; 4 5 class mutationpage extends statelesswidget { 6 7 string langname,saveformat,objectid; 8 databaseutils utils; 9 10 @override 11 widget build(buildcontext context) { 12 return appui( 13 onchangedname (text){ 14 langname=text; 15 }, 16 onchangedsaveformat (text){ 17 saveformat=text; 18 }, 19 onchangedobjectid (text){ 20 objectid=text; 21 }, 22 23 senddatabuttonpressed (){ 24 if(langname isnotempty && saveformat isnotempty){ 25 utils = databaseutils( 26 langname langname, 27 saveformat saveformat , 28 ); 29 utils senddata(); 30 } 31 }, 32 deletedatabuttonpressed (){ 33 if(objectid isnotempty){ 34 utils = databaseutils( 35 objectid objectid, 36 ); 37 utils deletedata(); 38 } 39 }, 40 updatebuttonpressed (){ 41 if(langname isnotempty && saveformat isnotempty && objectid isnotempty){ 42 utils = databaseutils( 43 langname langname, 44 saveformat saveformat , 45 objectid objectid 46 ); 47 utils updatedata(); 48 } 49 }, 50 ); 51 } 52 } conclusion in this guide we used graphql mutations in the flutter app to create new objects on back4app; update objects on back4app; delete objects on back4app at this point you have a fully functional flutter graphql crud project where you can use at starting point to develop your next app in the next guide we are going to dive deep into queries showing how to make them to retrieve data from back4app and show on our flutter app have a great day!