Flutter
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Data Queries
在 Flutter 中使用 Parse 的 GeoPoint 技术进行地理查询开发
11 分
使用 flutter 地理定位在 parse 上执行地理查询 介绍 在本指南中,您将了解 parse 上的 geopoint 数据类型以及如何使用 flutter 地理定位在 parse 中执行地理查询。您将创建一个应用程序,该应用程序将执行地理查询并使用 parse geopoints parse geopoints 来检索记录。 我们不会解释 flutter 应用程序代码,因为本指南的主要重点是 flutter 与 parse 的结合。 先决条件 要完成本教程,您需要: 在 back4app 上创建的应用程序。 注意: 请遵循 新 parse 应用程序教程 以了解如何在 back4app 上创建 parse 应用程序。 一个连接到 back4app 的 flutter 应用程序。 注意: 请遵循 在 flutter 项目中安装 parse sdk 以创建一个连接到 back4app 的 flutter 项目。 一个运行 android 或 ios 的设备(或虚拟设备)。 为了运行此指南示例,您应该正确设置插件 geolocator 。请不要忘记在项目中添加 android 和 ios 的权限,以便访问设备位置 { btn target=” blank” rel=”nofollow noreferer noopener”}。仔细阅读设置 android 和 ios 项目的说明。 目标 使用存储在 back4app 上的地理点和 flutter 地理位置执行地理查询。 geopoint 数据类型 parse 允许您将现实世界的纬度和经度坐标与对象关联。将一个 parsegeopoint parsegeopoint 添加到一个 parseobject parseobject 将使查询能够考虑对象与参考点的接近性。此功能使您能够轻松地做一些事情,例如找出哪个用户离另一个用户最近,或者哪些地方离用户最近。 要将一个点与对象关联,您首先需要创建一个 parsegeopoint parsegeopoint 。下面您可以找到一个纬度为 40 0 度和经度为 30 0 度的地理点。 这个点随后作为常规字段存储在对象中,像其他任何数据类型(字符串、数字、日期等)一样 注意:目前一个类中只能有一个键是 parsegeopoint 1 querybuilder 类 任何 parse 查询操作都使用 querybuilder querybuilder 对象类型,这将帮助您在整个应用程序中从数据库中检索特定数据。要创建一个新的 querybuilder querybuilder ,您需要将所需的 parseobject parseobject 子类作为参数传递,这个子类将包含您的查询结果。 了解一个非常重要的事情,即 querybuilder querybuilder 只有在调用检索方法 query query 后才会解析,因此可以在实际调用之前设置查询并链接多个修饰符。您可以在 querybuilder querybuilder 类的 官方文档中了解更多信息 在 back4app 上使用 javascript 控制台 在您的 back4app 应用程序仪表板中,您会找到一个非常有用的 api 控制台,您可以直接在其中运行 javascript 代码。在本指南中,您将使用它来存储 back4app 中的数据对象。在您的应用程序主仪表板上,转到 core >api console >javascript core >api console >javascript 2 在 back4app 上保存数据 要在本指南中运行查询,您首先需要用一些数据填充您的应用程序。让我们创建一个 city city 类,这将是我们在本指南中查询的目标。以下是 parse object parse object 类的创建代码,请在您的 api 控制台中运行它 1 // add city objects and create table 2 // note how geopoints are created, passing latitude and longitude as arguments 3 // montevideo 4 city = new parse object('city'); 5 city set('name', 'montevideo uruguay'); 6 city set('location', new parse geopoint( 34 85553195363169, 56 207280375137955)); 7 await city save(); 8 9 // brasília 10 city = new parse object('city'); 11 city set('name', 'brasília brazil'); 12 city set('location', new parse geopoint( 15 79485821477289, 47 88391074690196)); 13 await city save(); 14 15 // bogotá 16 city = new parse object('city'); 17 city set('name', 'bogotá colombia'); 18 city set('location', new parse geopoint(4 69139880891712, 74 06936691331047)); 19 await city save(); 20 21 // mexico city 22 city = new parse object('city'); 23 city set('name', 'mexico city mexico'); 24 city set('location', new parse geopoint(19 400977162618933, 99 13311378164776)); 25 await city save(); 26 27 // washington, d c 28 city = new parse object('city'); 29 city set('name', 'washington, d c usa'); 30 city set('location', new parse geopoint(38 930727220189944, 77 04626261880388)); 31 await city save(); 32 33 // ottawa 34 city = new parse object('city'); 35 city set('name', 'ottawa canada'); 36 city set('location', new parse geopoint(45 41102167733425, 75 695414598736)); 37 await city save(); 38 39 // tokyo 40 city = new parse object('city'); 41 city set('name', 'tokyo japan'); 42 city set('location', new parse geopoint(35 6897, 139 6922)); 43 await city save(); 44 45 // mumbai 46 city = new parse object('city'); 47 city set('name', 'mumbai india'); 48 city set('location', new parse geopoint(18 9667, 72 8333)); 49 await city save(); 50 51 // shanghai 52 city = new parse object('city'); 53 city set('name', 'shanghai china'); 54 city set('location', new parse geopoint(31 1667, 121 4667)); 55 await city save(); 56 57 // new york 58 city = new parse object('city'); 59 city set('name', 'new york usa'); 60 city set('location', new parse geopoint(40 6943, 73 9249)); 61 await city save(); 62 63 // moscow 64 city = new parse object('city'); 65 city set('name', 'moscow russia'); 66 city set('location', new parse geopoint(55 7558, 37 6178)); 67 await city save(); 68 69 // paris 70 city = new parse object('city'); 71 city set('name', 'paris france'); 72 city set('location', new parse geopoint(48 8566, 2 3522)); 73 await city save(); 74 75 // paris 76 city = new parse object('city'); 77 city set('name', 'london united kingdom'); 78 city set('location', new parse geopoint(51 5072, 0 1275)); 79 await city save(); 80 81 // luanda 82 city = new parse object('city'); 83 city set('name', 'luanda angola'); 84 city set('location', new parse geopoint( 8 8383, 13 2344)); 85 await city save(); 86 87 // johannesburg 88 city = new parse object('city'); 89 city set('name', 'johannesburg south africa'); 90 city set('location', new parse geopoint( 26 2044, 28 0416)); 91 await city save(); 92 93 console log('success!'); 运行此代码后,您现在应该在数据库中拥有一个 城市 城市 类。您的新类应如下所示 现在让我们来看看每个 querybuilder querybuilder 方法的示例,以及它们的简要说明。 3 查询数据 现在您有了一个填充的类,我们可以在其中执行一些 geopoint 查询。 让我们开始按距离达拉斯(美国,纬度32 779167, 经度 96 808891)最近的城市排序结果,使用 城市 城市 方法 1 // create your query 2 final querybuilder\<parseobject> parsequery = 3 querybuilder\<parseobject>(parseobject('city')); 4 5 // create our geopoint for the query 6 final dallasgeopoint = 7 parsegeopoint(latitude 32 779167, longitude 96 808891); 8 9 // `wherenear` will order results based on distance between the geopoint 10 // type field from the class and the geopoint argument 11 parsequery wherenear('location', dallasgeopoint); 12 13 // the query will resolve only after calling this method, retrieving 14 // an array of `parseobjects`, if success 15 final parseresponse apiresponse = await parsequery query(); 16 17 if (apiresponse success && apiresponse results != null) { 18 // let's show the results 19 for (var o in apiresponse results! as list\<parseobject>) { 20 print( 21 'city ${o get\<string>('name')} location ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! latitude}, ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! longitude}'); 22 } 23 } 现在让我们使用方法 在公里内 在公里内 , 这将检索所有geopoint字段位于最大距离内的结果(以公里为单位)。 达拉斯将再次作为参考,距离限制为3000公里。 1 // create your query 2 final querybuilder\<parseobject> parsequery = 3 querybuilder\<parseobject>(parseobject('city')); 4 5 // create our geopoint for the query 6 final dallasgeopoint = 7 parsegeopoint(latitude 32 779167, longitude 96 808891); 8 9 // you can also use `withinmiles` and `withinradians` the same way, 10 // but with different measuring unities 11 parsequery wherewithinkilometers('location', dallasgeopoint, 3000); 12 //parsequery wherewithinmiles('location', dallasgeopoint, 3000); 13 14 // the query will resolve only after calling this method, retrieving 15 // an array of `parseobjects`, if success 16 final parseresponse apiresponse = await parsequery query(); 17 18 if (apiresponse success && apiresponse results != null) { 19 // let's show the results 20 for (var o in apiresponse results! as list\<parseobject>) { 21 print( 22 'city ${o get\<string>('name')} location ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! latitude}, ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! longitude}'); 23 } 24 } 现在让我们使用方法 wherewithinmiles wherewithinmiles , 该方法将检索所有其 geopoint 字段位于最大距离(以英里为单位)内的结果。 达拉斯将再次作为参考,距离限制为 3000 英里。 1 // create your query 2 final querybuilder\<parseobject> parsequery = 3 querybuilder\<parseobject>(parseobject('city')); 4 5 // create our geopoint for the query 6 final dallasgeopoint = 7 parsegeopoint(latitude 32 779167, longitude 96 808891); 8 9 // you can also use `wherewithinkilometers` and `wherewithinradians` the same way, 10 parsequery wherewithinmiles('location', dallasgeopoint, 3000); 11 12 // the query will resolve only after calling this method, retrieving 13 // an array of `parseobjects`, if success 14 final parseresponse apiresponse = await parsequery query(); 15 16 if (apiresponse success && apiresponse results != null) { 17 // let's show the results 18 for (var o in apiresponse results! as list\<parseobject>) { 19 print( 20 'city ${o get\<string>('name')} location ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! latitude}, ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! longitude}'); 21 } 22 } 4 从 flutter 查询 现在让我们在 flutter 应用中使用我们的示例查询,界面简单,包含一个显示结果的列表和三个用于调用查询的按钮。 该应用还使用 geolocator 插件(请按照说明操作)来获取设备的当前位置,因此查询将使用真实数据。 打开你的 flutter 项目,去到 main dart main dart 文件,清理所有代码,并用以下内容替换它: 1 import 'package\ flutter/cupertino dart'; 2 import 'package\ flutter/material dart'; 3 import 'package\ geolocator/geolocator dart'; 4 import 'package\ parse server sdk flutter/parse server sdk dart'; 5 6 void main() async { 7 widgetsflutterbinding ensureinitialized(); 8 9 final keyapplicationid = 'your app id here'; 10 final keyclientkey = 'your client key here'; 11 12 final keyparseserverurl = 'https //parseapi back4app com'; 13 14 await parse() initialize(keyapplicationid, keyparseserverurl, 15 clientkey keyclientkey, debug true); 16 17 runapp(materialapp( 18 title 'flutter geopoint', 19 debugshowcheckedmodebanner false, 20 home homepage(), 21 )); 22 } 23 24 class homepage extends statefulwidget { 25 @override 26 homepagestate createstate() => homepagestate(); 27 } 28 29 class homepagestate extends state\<homepage> { 30 list\<parseobject> results = \<parseobject>\[]; 31 double selecteddistance = 3000; 32 33 future\<position> getcurrentposition() async { 34 bool serviceenabled; 35 locationpermission permission; 36 37 // test if location services are enabled 38 serviceenabled = await geolocator islocationserviceenabled(); 39 if (!serviceenabled) { 40 return future error('location services are disabled '); 41 } 42 43 permission = await geolocator checkpermission(); 44 if (permission == locationpermission denied) { 45 permission = await geolocator requestpermission(); 46 if (permission == locationpermission denied) { 47 return future error('location permissions are denied'); 48 } 49 } 50 51 if (permission == locationpermission deniedforever) { 52 return future error( 53 'location permissions are permanently denied, we cannot request permissions '); 54 } 55 56 // when we reach here, permissions are granted and we can 57 // continue accessing the position of the device 58 return await geolocator getcurrentposition(); 59 } 60 61 void doquerynear() async { 62 // create your query 63 final querybuilder\<parseobject> parsequery = 64 querybuilder\<parseobject>(parseobject('city')); 65 66 // get current position from device 67 final position = await getcurrentposition(); 68 69 final currentgeopoint = parsegeopoint( 70 latitude position latitude, longitude position longitude); 71 72 // `wherenear` will order results based on distance between the geopoint 73 // type field from the class and the geopoint argument 74 parsequery wherenear('location', currentgeopoint); 75 76 // the query will resolve only after calling this method, retrieving 77 // an array of `parseobjects`, if success 78 final parseresponse apiresponse = await parsequery query(); 79 80 if (apiresponse success && apiresponse results != null) { 81 // let's show the results 82 for (var o in apiresponse results! as list\<parseobject>) { 83 print( 84 'city ${o get\<string>('name')} location ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! latitude}, ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! longitude}'); 85 } 86 87 setstate(() { 88 results = apiresponse results as list\<parseobject>; 89 }); 90 } else { 91 setstate(() { 92 results clear(); 93 }); 94 } 95 } 96 97 void doqueryinkilometers() async { 98 // create your query 99 final querybuilder\<parseobject> parsequery = 100 querybuilder\<parseobject>(parseobject('city')); 101 102 // get current position from device 103 final position = await getcurrentposition(); 104 105 final currentgeopoint = parsegeopoint( 106 latitude position latitude, longitude position longitude); 107 108 // you can also use `wherewithinmiles` and `wherewithinradians` the same way, 109 // but with different measuring unities 110 parsequery wherewithinkilometers( 111 'location', currentgeopoint, selecteddistance); 112 113 // the query will resolve only after calling this method, retrieving 114 // an array of `parseobjects`, if success 115 final parseresponse apiresponse = await parsequery query(); 116 117 if (apiresponse success && apiresponse results != null) { 118 // let's show the results 119 for (var o in apiresponse results! as list\<parseobject>) { 120 print( 121 'city ${o get\<string>('name')} location ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! latitude}, ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! longitude}'); 122 } 123 124 setstate(() { 125 results = apiresponse results as list\<parseobject>; 126 }); 127 } else { 128 setstate(() { 129 results clear(); 130 }); 131 } 132 } 133 134 void doqueryinmiles() async { 135 // create your query 136 final querybuilder\<parseobject> parsequery = 137 querybuilder\<parseobject>(parseobject('city')); 138 139 // get current position from device 140 final position = await getcurrentposition(); 141 142 final currentgeopoint = parsegeopoint( 143 latitude position latitude, longitude position longitude); 144 145 // you can also use `wherewithinkilometers` and `wherewithinradians` the same way, 146 parsequery wherewithinmiles('location', currentgeopoint, selecteddistance); 147 148 // the query will resolve only after calling this method, retrieving 149 // an array of `parseobjects`, if success 150 final parseresponse apiresponse = await parsequery query(); 151 152 if (apiresponse success && apiresponse results != null) { 153 // let's show the results 154 for (var o in apiresponse results! as list\<parseobject>) { 155 print( 156 'city ${o get\<string>('name')} location ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! latitude}, ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! longitude}'); 157 } 158 159 setstate(() { 160 results = apiresponse results as list\<parseobject>; 161 }); 162 } else { 163 setstate(() { 164 results clear(); 165 }); 166 } 167 } 168 169 void doclearresults() async { 170 setstate(() { 171 results = \[]; 172 }); 173 } 174 175 @override 176 widget build(buildcontext context) { 177 return scaffold( 178 body padding( 179 padding const edgeinsets all(16 0), 180 child column( 181 crossaxisalignment crossaxisalignment stretch, 182 children \[ 183 container( 184 height 200, 185 child image network( 186 'https //blog back4app com/wp content/uploads/2017/11/logo b4a 1 768x175 1 png'), 187 ), 188 center( 189 child const text('flutter on back4app geopoint', 190 style textstyle(fontsize 18, fontweight fontweight bold)), 191 ), 192 sizedbox( 193 height 8, 194 ), 195 container( 196 height 50, 197 child elevatedbutton( 198 onpressed doquerynear, 199 child text('query near'), 200 style elevatedbutton stylefrom(primary colors blue)), 201 ), 202 sizedbox( 203 height 16, 204 ), 205 center(child text('distance')), 206 slider( 207 value selecteddistance, 208 min 0, 209 max 10000, 210 divisions 10, 211 onchanged (value) { 212 setstate(() { 213 selecteddistance = value; 214 }); 215 }, 216 label selecteddistance tostringasfixed(0), 217 ), 218 sizedbox( 219 height 8, 220 ), 221 container( 222 height 50, 223 child elevatedbutton( 224 onpressed doqueryinkilometers, 225 child text('query in kilometers'), 226 style elevatedbutton stylefrom(primary colors blue)), 227 ), 228 sizedbox( 229 height 8, 230 ), 231 container( 232 height 50, 233 child elevatedbutton( 234 onpressed doqueryinmiles, 235 child text('query miles'), 236 style elevatedbutton stylefrom(primary colors blue)), 237 ), 238 sizedbox( 239 height 8, 240 ), 241 container( 242 height 50, 243 child elevatedbutton( 244 onpressed doclearresults, 245 child text('clear results'), 246 style elevatedbutton stylefrom(primary colors blue)), 247 ), 248 sizedbox( 249 height 8, 250 ), 251 text( 252 'result list ${results length}', 253 ), 254 expanded( 255 child listview\ builder( 256 itemcount results length, 257 itembuilder (context, index) { 258 final o = results\[index]; 259 return container( 260 padding const edgeinsets all(4), 261 decoration 262 boxdecoration(border border all(color colors black)), 263 child text( 264 '${o get\<string>('name')} \nlocation ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! latitude}, ${o get\<parsegeopoint>('location')! longitude}'), 265 ); 266 }), 267 ) 268 ], 269 ), 270 )); 271 } 272 } 在您的应用程序仪表板中找到您的应用程序 id 和客户端密钥凭据,网址为 back4app 网站 https //www back4app com/ 在 main dart main dart 中更新您的代码,使用您项目的 applicationid 和 clientkey 的值在 back4app keyapplicationid = 应用程序 id keyclientkey = 客户端密钥 运行项目,应用程序将如图所示加载 结论 在本指南的最后,您了解了 geopoint 数据查询在 parse 上的工作原理,以及如何从 flutter 应用程序在 back4app 上执行这些查询