如何为tvOS构建后端？

introduction in this tutorial, you’ll learn how to build a backend for tvos apps using back4app we’ll cover integrating essential back4app features—like database management, cloud code functions, rest and graphql apis, user authentication, and real time (live queries)—to create a secure, scalable backend that seamlessly communicates with your apple tv app built with the parse swift sdk you’ll see how back4app’s streamlined environment and quick setup drastically reduce the time compared to manually configuring servers and databases along the way, you’ll gain hands on experience with key functionalities, including advanced security features, cloud jobs scheduling, and webhook integrations by the end of this tutorial, you’ll be prepared to enhance this foundational structure into a production ready tvos app or easily include custom logic and third party apis this guide will also help maintain a high quality user experience on apple tv , leveraging your xcode project and existing ios development knowledge prerequisites to complete this tutorial, you will need a back4app account and a new back4app project getting started with back4app https //www back4app com/docs/get started/new parse app if you do not have an account, you can create one for free follow the guide above to get your project ready xcode (latest stable version) installed you will build your tvos app with swift or swiftui ensure you have the most recent xcode from the mac app store parse swift sdk set up the parse swift sdk https //github com/netreconlab/parse swift to connect your tvos app familiarity with swift and basic ios/tvos development concepts if you’re new to apple tv, review the apple tvos documentation https //developer apple com/tvos/ or a beginner tutorial first make sure you have all these prerequisites in place before you begin having your back4app project ready and a local tvos xcode project set up will help you follow along more easily step 1 – creating a new project on back4app and connecting create a new project the first step in building your tvos app backend on back4app is creating a new project if you have not already done so, follow these steps log in to your back4app account click the “new app” button in your back4app dashboard give your app a name (e g , “tvos backend tutorial”) once created, you will see the project listed in your back4app dashboard this new back4app project is the core of all backend configurations covered in this tutorial connect the parse swift sdk back4app leverages parse to handle data storage, user authentication, real time features, and more to connect your tvos app to back4app, install and configure the parse swift sdk in your xcode project retrieve your parse keys in your back4app dashboard, go to “app settings” or “security & keys” to find your application id and client key you’ll also see the parse server url —commonly https //parseapi back4app com install the parse swift sdk in your tvos project swift package manager (recommended) in xcode, select file → add packages enter the parse swift github url https //github com/netreconlab/parse swift git choose the appropriate version or main branch cocoapods if you prefer cocoapods, add the following to your podfile pod 'parseswiftog' then run pod install initialize parse in your appdelegate or @main struct import parseswift import swiftui @main struct mytvosapp app { init() { task { do { try await parseswift initialize( applicationid "your app id", clientkey "your client key", serverurl url(string "https //parseapi back4app com")! ) } catch { print("error initializing parse \\\\(error)") } } } var body some scene { windowgroup { contentview() } } } this ensures your tvos app is built to communicate with the back4app backend, letting you store data, run queries, authenticate users, and more step 2 – setting up the database creating a data model with your tvos app now wired to back4app, you can create and manage data in parse swift, you define parseobject structs struct gamescore parseobject { var objectid string? var createdat date? var updatedat date? var acl parseacl? var originaldata data? // custom fields var score int? var playername string? } you can also manually define classes in your back4app dashboard go to “database” in the back4app console create a new class (e g , “gamescore”) add relevant columns (score, playername, etc ) creating a data model using the ai agent back4app’s ai agent can automatically design your schema open the ai agent in your back4app dashboard describe your model (e g , “create a todo class with a title and iscompleted field”) apply and let the ai agent generate the schema reading and writing data using sdk func savescore() async { var gamescore = gamescore() gamescore score = 1337 gamescore playername = "tvos fan" do { try await gamescore save() print("score saved successfully ") } catch { print("error saving score \\\\(error)") } } func fetchscores() async { let query = gamescore query() do { let results = try await query find() print("fetched scores \\\\(results)") } catch { print("error fetching scores \\\\(error)") } } reading and writing data using rest api curl x post \\ h "x parse application id your app id" \\ h "x parse rest api key your rest api key" \\ h "content type application/json" \\ d '{"score" 9000, "playername" "applefan"}' \\ https //parseapi back4app com/classes/gamescore reading and writing data using graphql api mutation { creategamescore(input { fields { score 420 playername "swiftie" } }) { gamescore { objectid score playername } } } working with live queries (optional) live queries can power real time updates in your apple tv interface—especially useful for multi player or leaderboard apps enable live queries in your app’s server settings on back4app initialize a subscription let subscription = gamescore query("score" > 1000) subscribecallback { event in switch event { case created(let score) print("new high score created \\\\(score)") case updated(let score) print("high score updated \\\\(score)") case deleted(let score) print("high score removed \\\\(score)") default break } } step 3 – applying security with acls and clps overview back4app secures your data with acls (access control lists) and clps (class level permissions) use them to define read/write rules at the object or class level class level permissions go to database , pick a class (e g , gamescore) click “security” or “class level permissions” set who can read, write, or delete (e g , only authenticated users) acls in code var gamescore = gamescore() gamescore score = 500 // restrict read/write to only the current user var acl = parseacl() if let user = try? await user current() { acl setreadaccess(user user, value true) acl setwriteaccess(user user, value true) } gamescore acl = acl step 4 – writing cloud code functions why cloud code? cloud code allows you to offload critical logic from your client to secure server side code this is great for business rules, data validations, or third party integrations without exposing secrets in your tvos app example function in your main js parse cloud define("awardbonus", async (request) => { const { objectid, bonus } = request params; const query = new parse query("gamescore"); const gamescore = await query get(objectid, { usemasterkey true }); gamescore increment("score", bonus); await gamescore save(null, { usemasterkey true }); return gamescore; }); deployment back4app cli b4a configure accountkey b4a deploy or use the back4app dashboard → cloud code → functions → main js calling from swift import parseswift func awardbonusscore(objectid string, bonus int) async { do { let result = try await parsecloud callfunction("awardbonus", with \[ "objectid" objectid, "bonus" bonus ]) print("updated score \\\\(result)") } catch { print("error awarding bonus \\\\(error)") } } npm modules inside your package json , add dependencies { "dependencies" { "axios" "^0 27 0" } } then require or import them in main js to use in cloud code step 5 – configuring authentication user authentication in back4app tvos apps often need user data sync or login parse’s parseuser provides secure sign up, login, sessions, and role based access struct user parseuser { var objectid string? var createdat date? var updatedat date? var acl parseacl? var originaldata data? // essential var username string? var email string? var emailverified bool? var password string? var authdata \[string \[string string]?]? } sign up / log in func signupuser() async { var newuser = user() newuser username = "tvuser" newuser password = "secret" newuser email = "user\@example com" do { try await newuser signup() print("sign up successful ") } catch { print("error signing up \\\\(error)") } } func loginuser() async { do { let loggedin = try await user login(username "tvuser", password "secret") print("logged in as \\\\(loggedin username ?? "")") } catch { print("login error \\\\(error)") } } social login configure facebook or apple sign in https //www back4app com/docs/platform/sign in with apple then link accounts try await user link(with apple(idtoken "token", rawnonce "nonce")) step 6 – handling file storage setting up file storage upload user images, game replays, or app assets using parsefile let filedata = data( ) // e g image bytes let file = parsefile(name "preview\ png", data filedata) do { let savedfile = try await file save() print("file uploaded \\\\(savedfile url)") } catch { print("error uploading file \\\\(error)") } example attach files to objects struct gamemedia parseobject { var objectid string? var createdat date? var updatedat date? var acl parseacl? var originaldata data? var screenshot parsefile? } security considerations use clps or acls to secure file references a file’s direct url can be publicly accessible unless you enable file security https //www back4app com/docs/security/parse security step 7 – email verification and password reset overview email verification helps confirm user ownership of email accounts password reset offers a secure, user friendly way to regain account access back4app dashboard configuration in your app → app settings → email enable email verification or password reset customize email templates code implementation func requestpasswordreset(for email string) async { do { try await user passwordreset(email email) print("password reset link sent ") } catch { print("error requesting password reset \\\\(error)") } } step 8 – scheduling tasks with cloud jobs cloud jobs automate recurring tasks, like cleaning old data or emailing monthly updates parse cloud job("cleanupoldscores", async (request) => { const now = new date(); const thirtydaysago = new date(now 30 24 60 60 1000); const query = new parse query("gamescore"); query lessthan("createdat", thirtydaysago); const oldscores = await query find({ usemasterkey true }); await parse object destroyall(oldscores, { usemasterkey true }); return `deleted ${oldscores length} old scores `; }); in the back4app dashboard → app settings → server settings → background jobs , schedule “cleanupoldscores” to run daily step 9 – integrating webhooks definition webhooks enable your back4app app to send events to external services this could be sending notifications to slack, payment updates to stripe, or analytics data to your server configuration in your back4app dashboard, go to more → webhooks → add webhook specify an endpoint (like https //myserver com/webhook endpoint ) and the triggers (object updates, new records, etc ) example notify slack when a new high score is created parse cloud aftersave("gamescore", async (request) => { const score = request object get("score"); await sendtoslack(`a new high score of ${score} was posted!`); }); step 10 – exploring the back4app admin panel where to find it the back4app admin app is a user friendly, model centric dashboard for managing data, performing crud, or editing classes—without needing direct database queries enable it via app dashboard → more → admin app features once enabled, you can invite team members or clients to manage data, check logs, or adjust push notifications—essentially giving them a direct portal to the backend of your tvos app conclusion by following this comprehensive tutorial, you have created a secure backend for your tvos app using back4app configured a database with classes, data types, and relationships set up real time queries to reflect immediate changes applied security through acls and clps implemented cloud code for custom business logic and integrations enabled authentication with email verification and password resets handled file uploads with optional security controls scheduled cloud jobs for routine tasks used webhooks to integrate with external services explored the admin panel to manage and monitor data you are now well equipped to build rich, high quality apple tv experiences your app is built on a strong foundation—enjoy turning your tvos app ideas into reality! next steps refine your tvos ui incorporate focus based navigation, big screen user flows, and app store best practices enhance security add role based acl, multi factor authentication, or advanced encryption deepen your skillset explore more advanced parse swift features like offline caching or custom analytics check out official docs back4app docs https //www back4app com/docs and apple tvos docs https //developer apple com/tvos/ for deeper knowledge monetization consider subscription or pay per view to expand your streaming business potential with the fundamentals from this guide, you can continue innovating and integrating new features good luck bringing your tvos app to the next level!